Find Yourself

It's a track from the album "Disney Jazz Volume 1: Everybody Wants to be a cat" from 2011 that I just "discovered" today. My favorite jazz violinist Regina Carter performed this track:


You could hear a harp-like instrument on the track. It's kora from Africa performed by master Yacouba Sissoko, who also collaborated with Carter on her earlier release, Reverse Thread.

The whole album featured an all-star lineup with players like Dave Brubeck, Roy Hargrove etc. Highly recommended. Here is an insightful review.

BTW, the original song is from the final credits of the movie "Cars" I watched it many times with my son when he was younger but I've never noticed the song. Nice song (of course I like Carter's version better):

我的結他雜記: Introduction to Jazz Guitar Soloing

Just came across a forum thread/study group on the MI book "Introduction to Jazz Guitar Soloing" The scale and arpeggio fingering patterns look familiar (CAGED based, also similar to the ones taught by Jimmy Bruno) I plan to look into the application of these patterns later in the book. The book has chapters/exercises of "connecting games", which I think has to do with connecting arpeggios during chord changes and should be very useful.

我的結他雜記: Robert Conti interview

Just came across a very interesting article reprinted from the Just Jazz Guitar magazine from 2002. It's an interview of jazz guitarist/educator Robert Conti, from whose DVDs and books I've learned a ton. He talked about his days hanging out with the great Pat Martino, and even more interesting was the business side of being a professional performer at hotels and similar venues.

Pat Metheny

我最喜愛的爵士結他手及學習對象包括Pat Martino及Jimmy Bruno，Pat Metheny不在其中；但作為這個年代影響力極深、唱片銷路甚佳的結他手，他的concert對我還是很具吸引力，但對上一次看他竟然是十年前在Oakland Paramount Theater。Pat Metheny成名四十年，記得廿幾年前聽香港電台的爵士節目（不知現在還有沒有？），常常介紹Pat Metheny Group，Chick Corea及Miles Davis等等，他們到港演出均是盛事。雖然不是所有他玩的風格我都喜歡，但我欣賞他夠多元化：Pat Metheny Group玩的我認為New Age感强烈，和他的Trio/Quartet的現代爵士感覺相當不同。今次他的Unity Band風格是後者，對我來說比較啱聽；事實上色士風手Chris Potter有獨當一面之能，我一向十分欣賞，所以今次非去不可，US$55在SF算是十分貴，但連星期三晚八點場門票也早已售罄，我預先買了十點的票，早廿分鐘開始排隊，排了半小時才能進場，前面那位阿叔和我一樣頗為不滿，不過一開場這些立即拋諸腦後。打頭陣的是Pat Metheny用他那支「奇門兵器」4頸42弦Pikasso acoustic guitar獨奏，在他手中效果尤如一隊樂隊，當世不知有幾人能彈得到？接著樂隊四人full team登場，是唱片原班人馬，在西岸也是罕見，即使是名氣不下Pat Metheny的頂級樂手，很多都找加州本地樂手伴奏。演出的有來自新碟的新作，也有Metheny膾炙人口的作品，現場即興氣氛特別熾烈。最後十五分鐘拉下了兩塊神秘布幕，原來大有乾坤：蓋著的是幾組Orchestrion：靠吹打發聲的機器，由Metheny透過結他來控制，再加上looper（可錄下一段聲音重覆播放），效果相當豐富，只是長了一點難免有些許冷場。總的來說是十分精彩多變的演出，自然encore連連，Pat Metheny最後彈的是意外驚喜：去年acoustic guitar獨奏唱片中玩過的Beatles cover "And I Love Her." 這次演出可算是總括他近年三張唱片的東西，絕對值回票價有餘。

Classical and Spanish Guitar music

Recently I'm in the mood of playing classical guitar music again because of my last "big purchase" at Amazon before it charges sales tax. One of the items I bought was "The Huge Book of Classical Guitar Solos in Tab" It has over 150 pieces. Even if I learn 10% of them, it would be a huge addition to my almost non-existent repertoire. I especially enjoy the section for Spanish guitar music, including pieces like Malaguena.

Apparently Pandora could read my mind and played:
1)
Album: 24 Preludes and Fugues, for guitar solo
Artist: Igor Rekhin (Composer), Dimitri Illarionov (Performer)

Rekhin was a student of Aram Khachaturian. Can't go wrong!

2)
Track: El Camino Real
Album: Spanish Soul
Artist: Stefan Schyga

Schyga actually teaches online. Interesting! And the name of the track should be familiar to anyone living in SF Bay Area :)

我的結他雜記: 非學院派教爵士

Berklee爵士科導師教scale及arppegio，我問有甚麼「公式」或「捷徑」可以應用它們，他說沒有捷徑，唯有練熟及多聽名家從中學習。 從該課程學到的樂理及範例，我認為是相當有幫助的基礎。另一方面，我也覺得應從其他渠道在此基礎上發展，所以我才買了Wolf Marshall的Best of Jazz Guitar(附CD，可練聽力又可學學名家lines)，及Sid Jacobs的Complete Book of Jazz Guitar Lines & Phrases；雖然Berklee導師不覺得需要這些，聽名家CD已是一大資源。

Jacobs的書有很多配合ii-V, V-I及I chord/progression的短phrases，包括很多爵士語言的典範，我正在很努力的背及練習在不同的key上應用，務求見chord可即彈。背熟彈熟之路固然還有一大段；始終覺得兩個bar轉三個chord要「背」出對應的phrases且要連貫又是另一條長路。究竟有沒有一些方法或教材針對幾個bar的chord progression彈奏長句？ 之前跟大師Jimmy Bruno學的即興方法，看的不只是一個chord而是整個key，每一個大調都有五種指法可彈該調的pitch collection。當然，這也不是甚麼公式或捷徑。

經驗中教得更加具體的，是有出教學DVD的Robert Conti老師。他的入門DVD Ticket to Improv把一首曲子的單音solo由頭到尾逐粒音記下，學生只需做copycat 照彈。他的理念是學爵士即興第一步就是要多彈，彈的是充滿爵士語言的完整樂句，踏出這一步之後，才去理解為甚麼要這樣彈，總之是實戰重於理論。我覺得也是值得一試，尤其是像我嚴重缺乏爵士語言遑論創造。Robert Conti進階的教材是The Jazz Lines, 基本上亦是教授一些完整樂句，多了的是如何在不同的chord之上應用，例如適用於ii chord同一條line可用在unaltered的V chord之上，這個道理以前我也學過，不過他也教了transpose後的line可用於altered的V chord之上，亦略為解釋了他的line為何配合這些chord。他教學生練的lines比較長(一般多於四個bars），應付兩個或四個bars的ii-V-I chord progression「綽綽有餘」。此外，第一課我就學了一個以前不識的彈法：以subdominant (IV chord）為基礎，即C major key彈Fmaj7 arpeggio。不能不讚的是Robert Conti教學編排頗為循步漸進，The Jazz Lines教的lines和Ticket to Improv的甚為相似，彈過後者的再練及背前者就事半功倍。（當然，可能純屬巧合，他教的當然都是他彈得最熟的lines）

十分巧合地，收到結他雜誌Guitar Player介紹網上版，其中一文The Fast track to Bebop chops打正旗號介紹爵士「公式」「捷徑」！亦提到major scale中subdominant的用法，各位不妨讀讀。

The month of metal: Suicidal Tendencies and Death

That's a funny title: Suicidal tendencies often lead to death but that's the two concerts I attended this month.

The last time (and only time) I saw S.T. was in 1991 when they toured with Queensryche and played in Austin (What an odd combination! Hardcore thrash and prog metal? I liked both bands and their performances though. Metal fans could be quite open minded to different styles) S.T. still sounded as aggressive as ever after all these 21 years and their front man, vocalist Mike Muir, is still as angry as ever. As long as there is injustice in the system, we rockers have reasons to be pissed and revolt against The Man. I always felt the power in their music but this time I also appreciated their musicianship. The guitar and bass solo were awesome.

I am surprised that I have never been one Death concert considering I've been a fan for 20 years. I jumped on the death metal bandwagon kinda early and Death was the pioneer of the genre (along with Deicide, Obituary and Morbid Angel, the Death Metal Big 4. Ironically, I've been to concerts of all Big 4 of Thrash: Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth and Anthrax) There were many band names that contain the word "Death" (e.g. Napalm Death, Death Angel, Christian Death) but they truly deserve that one word. Granted, their main man Chuck Schuldiner (lead vocalist/guitarist) met the real grim reaper because of brain cancer (but the real cause of death could be found here. Hint: a certain greedy industry. Man, another great death metal guitarist James Murphy, who played for both Death and Testament, was also diagnosed with brain tumor, albeit a non-cancerous one. I'd better go to one of his concert when I get a chance) in 2001 but I should have been to one of their concerts before that. (I was curious and checked their past tour schedule and found one that was near where I lived back then: the Sound of Perseverance tour stop in SF's Maritime Hall on Dec 4, 1998. I guess I was mired in relationship issues then. They also played at Madision in 1995 but I guess that happened right after I left) Fortunately, 11 years after Schuldiner's death, his former bandmates teamed up for a multi-city fund raising tour that benefits fellow musicians so I got a glimpse of what Death's live performance was like (other than Death's live in Eindhoven 1998 DVD that I had) The opener was another death metal band Gorguts. I was OK impressed. I just didn't feel much developments (twists and turns) in their music. Death to All (this is the band name the collective former Death members used) got on stage at 10:30pm. They sounded just like what I expected of Death. Gotta give some credits to the sound engineer: all instruments and vocal sounded loud, clear and balanced. I could hear the solos very clearly. So glad to see Paul Masvidal on guitar. I heard him before not just on Death's album but also his own band: Cynic, a very unique and progressive sounding death metal band. And Masvidal played a Steinberger! (Me too! Well, I played its 2nd "label," the Spirit) His seemed to be a GR4 model from the "Golden days" of Steinberger and custom painted. Another great reason to see the show was legendary bassist Steve DiGiorgio who played for some of the biggest names in metal. His 6-string custom bass by Thor was great looking and sounding (Coincidentally, S.T.'s Stephen 'Thundercat' Bruner also played a 6-string bass!) The lead vocalist/guitarist Charles Elliot successfully recreated Chuck's vocal style of Death's earlier albums. Then the band switched to another group of musicians, fronted by Matt Harvey. He sung in the style of Chuck in the later albums. He was also more notably animated than Elliot and reminded me of the late great Ronnie James Dio and Bruce Dickinson. Both frontmen of Death to All are great vocalists/guitarists. This tour certainly gave more visibility and exposure to their own bands (Abysmal Dawn/Bereft and Exhumed) I wish all of them great success.

Last but not least, Chuck Schuldiner rules! He may be with Death but his music of Death will live on forever.

我的結他雜記: Berklee Jazz 101後感

期待已久的爵士結他101課程已於上月完成，十二堂教得最多的是chord scale theory，即各種和jazz chord progressions有關的scales, arpeggios, approach notes等等。這些基礎知識算是學會，但要應用在即興solo，感覺和上了四堂後寫的一樣:前路漫漫，單單是見chord彈到arpeggios已不容易，再加上彈對應的scale是難上加難，遑論由root以外的chord tone開始再由chord tone結束樂句，即使勉强預先寫下彈出以上，導師的評語是：彈的音是正確但無爵士語言(not using jazz language)

不過，與其沮喪下去，倒不如對症下藥，第一步是調整心態：原本以為上完101我應做到低層次的即興solo；但想深一層，爵士即興就是難，學了一兩年(Bruno + Berklee)而做不到，也不太過差勁。記起大學時代讀完各科的101，也僅是略懂皮毛矣。以我的能力，短期內求成有點不設實際；目標已重定為五年甚至十年，就算還是失敗亦無悔。

第二，要持續練基本功，做到見chord即彈到arpeggios，再加上對應的scale及approach notes，並由root以外的chord tone開始上行及下行。我的信念是：這些唯有多做才會上心上手，別無他法。經過數個月，我找root note已比以前進步，希望假以時日，其他也能做到。

第三，要吸收爵士語言，每天都要聽一段名家solo抄下來(transcription)；以及試彈一些名家常用樂句(licks) 前者用Wolf Marshall的Best of Jazz Guitar一書(附CD)；後者則用Sid Jacobs的Complete Book of Jazz Guitar Lines & Phrases

即興尚未成功，鄙人還須努力！

我的結他雜記：Acoustic Blues - Rock Me Babe

In the mood of learning more blues, especially after watching James Cotton last night. Here is the tab. Also found a few links ([1], [2]) for slide guitar instructions

Grisha Goryachev and Jérôme Mouffe

There were 2 concerts I'd like to go to in SF at the same time last Sat. SFJAZZ had a salute to jazz harmonica master Toots Thielman while Omni Foundation had a classical/flamenco guitar one. I am a big fan of the 2 instruments and 3 styles. They are not performed very often, even in a big city like SF. Traditionally, singing and dancing were both way more important than guitar playing in flamenco performances until several great guitar virtuosos raised the bar during last century. Since then a lot of guitarists have incorporated some elements of flamenco, i.e., the so-called "Nuevo Flamenco" style. I enjoy this style a lot too and have seen key players like Ottmar Liebert, Jesse Cook, Strunz and Farah played live but this was the first time I got a chance to see traditional flamenco guitar performance so I chose it over the SFJAZZ one.

The concert began with Grisha Goryachev and Jérôme Mouffe playing several duets, including an arrangement of a piece by Falla. Then Mouffe played several classical solo pieces to conclude the first half. The 2nd half featured Grisha Goryachev playing flamenco pieces by Paco de Lucia and Sabicas (he had recorded a CD of the latter's work) I enjoyed both halves a lot. It's about elegance and emotions. Another thing I like was that they didn't just "rehash" the typical guitar repetoire but try arrangements that you don't hear often.

BTW, the SFJAZZ concert was actually in the same building, Herbst Theatre. Originally the concert featured Toots Thielman himself but he was sick. That's why it became a salute concert. Hope he get well soon!

我的結他雜記：reuse 5 major scale fingerings for harmonic minor

The 5 shapes taught by Jimmy Bruno have been very valuable to my playing of not just major scale but also arppegios (major 7, minor 7, dom 7, min7b5 ) Even for minor (aeolian) scale,  it's just the matter of finding the relative major. However, playing mixolydian b9 b13 scale (or 5th mode of harmonic minor ), it requires more thinking. For example, to play the scale over G7b9b13, consider we are raising the 7th (Bb to B) of the C minor scale, which has Eb major as its relative.  So,  with G as the root,  it's basically playing the major scale 2 whole step down but start with G and raise the b3 to 3rd (i.e. Bb to B)

我的結他雜記：swinging 8th notes in jazz

When I started the Berklee jazz class, the first forum post by our instructor was about how to swing 8th notes. Actually, the first thing he mentioned was how NOT to swing 8th notes. The common way of treating them like tripplets with the middle missing usually ended up with choppy sounding dotted 8th plus 16th note, which is OK for other styles but not jazz. For jazz, the 8th note should be played evenly (same duration) Here's another good explanation I found on the web. His suggestion is the same as our instructor: it's better to play even 8th note slightly behind the beat (i.e., the 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &) even if it is not the ideal or "perfect" swing. It works out great for me because of my inability to stay ON the beat. I mean, I'm usually behind anyway. Our instructor thought I did that intentionally and liked it!

Also check out what renowned jazz saxophonist David Liebman said about the same topic.

我的結他雜記: Berklee Jazz 101

在Berklee今個學期終於上期待已久的主修課堂:爵士結他101。短短一個月(即四堂)所教的內容可謂十分緊湊，目標就是在chord progression伴奏下，彈單音solo lines。第一堂練chord tones( root, 3rd, 7th)，要彈不是最低那個八度，主要練第五把DGBE 弦上的音。接著三堂分別是練maj 7, min 7, dom 7的arpeggios, approach 。其實和Jimmy Bruno 教的差不多，只不過用較多的樂理名詞概念來解釋，亦提供大量練習曲，包括比較『抽象』純為練熟chord tones/ approach notes 的，也有一些jazzy licks可『即抄即用』的;這些都是Bruno 所無的。當然，Bruno的宗旨是no nonsense, 所以樂理名詞可免則免了。至於範例，Bruno 的網站包括學生上載彈奏及他回應的短片（我只用過他的舊教學網，不知新的是否如此），跟片學彈是學習過程一部份，只是沒有譜可跟而已，其實也是練聽力的好機會。

目前最大的難題倒是和跟Bruno 學時一樣，就是未能把這些chord tones/ approach notes 組成jazzy 樂句。問過Berklee 的老師，他說是沒有公式可跟的，他能教的只是『工具』，必須練熟這些工具，熟到即可應用，再加上多聽多抄(transcribe)，累積咁上下經驗，才能即興solo。以前Bruno 也只是叫我多點跟片學彈 。總括他們所言就是:前路漫漫，連Berklee 也無必『掂』秘技可授，實在有點沮喪，恐怕彈爵士此夢難圓。

無論如何，今日我在Berklee勉強能跟得上進度，當年跟Bruno學的5 shapes 居功至偉。5 shapes 其實就是由CAGED 五個open chord 衍生出的五個major scale fingering patterns 。從中可以『抽出』I ii V chord ( maj 7, min 7, dom 7 )的arpeggio fingerings，在結他頸上任何一處都可彈以上任何一種arppegio，並即知對應的major scale，再由此可彈major scale 的modes 。(雖然Bruno 不主張從scale/mode 的角度思考，他教的是考慮ii-V-I整個progression的pitch collection，正正就是shape之中每一粒音）

其實Berklee和Bruno教的很多殊途同歸，例如：
1) Berklee教maj 7或min 7 chord tone可從scale中下一個（較高）音去approach。Bruno教solo時可以由低至高彈arpeggio，然後由高至低彈scale；其實這樣彈的話正包含這些scale approach tone。
2）Berklee教dom 7 arpeggio的b7音，可從root去approach；Bruno也教dom 7 arpeggio可從whole step之上去approach，b7上一個whole step正是root!（不過Berklee有教dom 7 arpeggio的3，不宜用scale tone去approach）
3）Berklee教min 7 chord伴奏時，可彈低whole step之maj 7 arpeggio來solo，就是dorian sound。這個maj 7 arpeggio正是該min 7 chord的b7, 9, 11, 13音。Bruno一直教I ii V任何一個arpeggio都和整個progression夾，無需刻意I arpeggio配對I chord，也是這個道理。

上過這些課，想起十二年前買Herb Ellis《All the shapes you are 》一書，教的其實也是這些道理：練熟ii-V-I progression的arpeggios及scale tones，聽熟他示範配合數十個chords的licks。書中介紹了多個fingerings，他稱之為major scales, minor scales及dominant scales，其實和Bruno教的fingerings同出一轍。不過名字就有少少誤導：他的minor scale fingerings其實是dorian mode而非minor scale一般指的aeolian mode（他用minor一詞是指配合ii min 7 chord吧）；而dominant scales當然就是mixolydian mode。Ellis的建議是認熟每一個fingering對應的chord形（他也叫這做shape，但此shape不同Bruno教的5 shapes），solo時多用chord tones及approach notes。和Berklee及Bruno教的都是同一回事。唉，如果十二年前有人解釋給我聽就好了！不過其實我在08年分別請教過一位結他老師（爵士非其專長）及網上論壇，結果還是靠自己搞清楚。現在我用這本書的CD來練transcription，畢竟特地為教學示範而彈的lines比較易聽易明。

我的結他雜記: Samson Go Mic

It's a tiny USB condenser mic. I bought one since my new guitar doesn't have a pickup. When I use it with Audacity for recording purpose, I could hear the background track from the headphone out of the mic. Nice!

我的結他雜記: 買了好結他

Even though I planned to save enough money for an expensive archtop, I couldn't resist the temptation to buy a Godin 5th Avenue when it was on sale (~$450) during Thanksgiving. It's an acoustic guitar without pickup and tone control. The guitar actually sounded ideal for acoustic blues, which I'm learning a bit. 

我的結他雜記: 要買好結他

欲望真的停不了，不過想法有點改變。那是因為一張舊照片，當中有一支是向（有錢）同學借來的結他，起碼廿年歷史，上拍賣網找找，估計值US$1000有多，相信除通脹後這支結他多少也升了值。對我的啟發是，還是多儲點錢買支好少少的結他，至低限度也保值，說不定還會升值！

目前目標是老字號中檔貨色like a Gibson ES-137:
http://www2.gibson.com/Products/Electric-Guitars/ES/Gibson-Custom/ES-137-Classic.aspx

$2000 for a big brand name. It's 1 pound lighter than a Les Paul too. It's comfortable to hold (I mean the body is not huge) and the neck is comfortable to press. I also like the jazzy sound from the neck pickup. And it's not heavy. Very practical. Just wish it's more "pretty" You know, those big hollow-body archtop with tail piece look classier.

The Fender Japan Telecaster Thinline is another of my target:
http://www.fenderjapan.co.jp/tn72g-ftmh.html
Gold pickguard on white body with f-hole. Not cheesy but classy!

我的結他雜記: 購買結他欲望停不了

I found out my Steinberger Spirit got some buzz when I played barre chord for the Berklee assignments. I'm not sure if I'm pressing the fretboard with the right pressure. I think it has more to do with the low E and A strings. In fact, even if I play single notes on these 2 strings, I need to be careful. Cannot press too hard and pick too hard or it will buzz. Fortunately, the buzz is not that noticeable when I record my playing for homeworks using the Korg Pandora. I like the Pandora a lot BTW. 

Anyway, seems like I have an excuse to buy a new guitar. Looked at these 2:

http://jazztimes.com/articles/15300-peavey-jf-1-exp-guitar

http://www.musicradar.com/gear/all/guitars/electric/6-string-semi-acoustic/5th-avenue-cw-kingpin-295806/review

The former is about $350 after tax while the latter is about $1000. Basically, they model after Gibson ES-335 and ES-125.

ES-335 is played by both jazz, blues or even rock guitarist. According to that review, it's good with distortion. Feedback is not a problem.

ES-125 looks more like a jazz guitar. 

好想買支正宗jazz archtop，但人生好似又點都要買支ES335 style既結他，果支Peavey係cheap野，可以慳d錢。

About buying guitar, I think if I ever visit Japan, I'll check out those vintage (70s) Japanese copy of American guitar. Ibanez and Tokai copied quite a bit of Gibson, including ES335 and ES175 back then and they were of high quality. 聽講東京御茶之水有好多二手樂器店：
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_645e03fb0100gxxw.html

To fly the guitar back home, this might be useful:

http://paulblow.tripod.com/fly_with_guitar.html

 

我的結他雜記: Dorian and Mixolydian

These are 2 very common scales (actually modes) mentioned in jazz tutorials.

There are 7 modes from a major scale. Let's say C major:

C Ionian mode (same as C major scale): C D E F G A B

D Dorian mode: D E F G A B C

G Mixolydian mode: G A B C D E F

The most common jazz chord progression is ii-V-I. So, in C major, they are

C maj 7

D min 7

G dom 7

I was often taught to improvise by playing C major (or Ionian) notes over the Cmaj7 chord

D Dorian over Dmin7 and G Mixolydian over G7.

But I was also taught to look at ii-V-I progression and the key it belongs to as a whole. Just play notes from C major over all 3. In fact, D Dorian has the same notes as C major. G Mixolydian too.

Yet another thing I learned is that playing D Dorian doesn't require learning another fingering. Just use C major fingering but start on the 2nd note instead. To play G Mixolydian, starts on the 5th note. 

On the other hand, Berklee DOES teach different fingering for Dorian and Mixolydian. To play a C Dorian, you simply change 1 of the 5 C Major fingering by lowering the 3rd and 7th. And A Mixolydian is almost the same as A Major except you lower the 7th

Back to the topic of playing jazzy, there are a few things:

1) plays 7th chord. So, if you see a I chord, play maj7 instead of maj. Play min7 for a ii chord and dominant 7th for a V chord.

2) solo over the chord tones including the 7th and sometimes plays half step below or above these chord tones.

3) swing the 1/8 notes.

4) Use our old friend the minor pentatonic scale (and blues scale). It could be played over many chord types:

http://www.jazzguitar.be/major_guitar_chords.html

http://www.jazzguitar.be/minor_guitar_chords.html

This is Your Brain on Music

想讀這本書已有一段日子，當初在Ferry Building的書店看到，就覺得人腦如何處理音樂是一個複雜而有趣的題材，不過之後一直沒有去找來看，直至兩個月前到圖書館才借下來。一讀就讀了兩個月，畢竟該書性質上接近普及科學讀物多於消閒小品，不是太容易消化。作者Dan Levitin的背景也值得一提，現時他是在大學從事神經科學研究的教授，以前他卻是一位音樂人兼錄音師！
本書前半部主要介紹音樂理論及其物理性質，後半部才是「戲肉」。首先，學玩音樂究竟先天（遺傳）影響有多大？其實本書也沒有肯定的答案，簡單來說是有；但後天亦當然重要，據研究要成為專家，一萬小時的練習少不了。這個一萬小時法則不只限於音樂，其他範疇如象棋也適用。俗語有云：台上一分鐘，台下十年功；可見中國人一向就有這個看法。
作者又提到，學音樂需要腦神經作出新的連接，在廿歲左右這個過程會大幅轉緩。音樂討論區常常有人發帖問成年人能否由零開始學音樂，很少回覆會大潑冷水，不過發帖人總要有心理準備學得慢及難學得好吧。幸好這幾代受過現代教育的人，多多少少在學校上過幾年音樂科，總不至於由零開始。
最後一章是全書高潮：探討玩音樂的能力在遺傳優勢的關係，即是影響音樂玩得好的基因是否較大機會被遺傳。再換一個角度看，就是音樂玩得好會否幫助吸引異性與之交配，你說這個是不是很重要？記得友人「神醫」曾撰文介紹美女的遺傳學理論，指出男人之所以熱切追求具備某些特徵的女性（即公認的美女），全因為那些特徵（例如對稱的面孔，豐滿的臀部）顯示該女性身體健康，繁殖下一代的能力强，因此是「播種」的理想對象！這本書的作者認為女性喜歡玩音樂的男性也是類似，除了引用達爾文支持的見解，也列出多個原因：自古以來音樂和舞蹈有密切關係，同樣需要節奏感强，而古人的舞步往往反映狩獵等求存技能的動作。至於較為近代的情況，是玩音樂屬有閒（錢及時間）階級的玩意，當然亦是女性「接種」的理想對象。我想補充一點個人見解：古人玩音樂往往自製樂器，亦突顯靈活的頭腦及雙手。該書還引用以下研究：給在排卵期（易受孕）的女性選擇以下兩種男士之一：音樂能力高但由於運氣差而貧窮者，及音樂能力低但由於運氣好而富有者；她們傾向前者，和在排卵期以外明顯不同。這個夠說服力吧！

我的結他雜記: Berklee Scale/Chord 101

顧家輝伍樂誠陳輝揚係Berklee College of Music讀過。我將會成為佢地校友，sort of。Berklee's online college is offering 爵士結他證書課程，共五個courses，盛惠~US$6400。雖然超貴（五個course合共60星期教學，人地大師網上 教jazz guitar都係US$60三個月咋）但係人生苦短，仲有命都係唔好咁計較，同埋我覺得人地鼎鼎大名，編製出黎既課程同練習方法點都有番咁上下卦。It teaches by showing class materials (words, pre-recorded video/audio and some flash animation) on their website and organized their contents lesson-by-lesson, also grading weekly assignments. The only interactive part is online chat session. 最緊要係，俾左咁多錢，會有心機做佢既練習，就算幾悶都會。其實除番即係一個星期每科一百美金，揾有料結他導師單對單教一個鐘都唔平得幾多。學音樂除非自學否則都係高消費喇。 

咁今個學期我學緊Chord 101同Scale 101。前者教major/minor/sus/aug/dim/dominant 7th等等triad同chord，仲有inversion，以前我買既書都有講，不過一直無心機記同練。我一向無乜掃chord，轉chord甚慢，做功課逼住死練，都有幫助既。今次真係學到野，佢有解釋barre chord點解係咁㩒，而家識得以前彈jazz tab死練果d chord其實係乜chord(dominant 9th, min7b5等等)。

Scale 101對我黎講易dd，因為都係教5隻major scale fingering，同以前練既大同小異；major scale(5 different fingerings)同minor pentatonic(2 fingerings)彈左咁多年，總算有d底。其餘果d major pentatonic, minor blues, dorian, mixolydian, harmonic minor, melodic minor，真係記到儍，唯有當防止老人痴呆囉。以前聽人講彈jazz improvisation，要12個key既以上任何一個scale，可以在條頸任何一處開始彈（仲要識得由中間既音開始，唔係次次都root）呢個境界就係呢個班既目標。我諗都急唔黎，希望日子有功啦。

每個星期每堂要做兩份功課，即係錄音上載俾老師評核。功課多數係跟tab彈，死練都OK，我會好似得個樣既歌星咁逐段錄，剪接技巧已經純熟。而且instructor俾分幾鬆手， 過關唔成問題。so far轉chord唔夠快，彈單音唔夠legato，後者正在努力改善，基本上都係左手手指唔好咁快攞起，但變左甩少少beat(墮後)，不過d同學話墮 後少少好過d音斷下斷下喎。

睇番同班同學，自我介紹有 website有錄左佢地彈既野，彈結他既水平已經好高，真係professional，我諗佢地係想補番d theory，同埋follow下個structure，第時開班授徒可以參考添！